NAD + tseem hu ua coenzyme, thiab nws lub npe tag nrho yog nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coenzyme nyob rau hauv lub voj voog tricarboxylic acid. Nws txhawb cov metabolism hauv qab zib, rog, thiab amino acids, koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog, thiab koom nrog ntau txhiab qhov kev xav hauv txhua lub cell. Ntau qhov kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias NAD + tau koom nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hauv lub cev, yog li cuam tshuam hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cellular xws li lub zog metabolism, kho DNA, hloov kho caj ces, mob, lom neeg lub cev, thiab kev ntxhov siab.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam, NAD + qib hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav txo qis nrog hnub nyoog. Txo NAD + qib tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo, tsis pom kev, kev rog, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas kom nce qib NAD + hauv tib neeg lub cev ib txwm muaj lus nug. Ib lub ntsiab lus kub tshawb fawb hauv zej zog biomedical.
Vim peb muaj hnub nyoog, DNA kev puas tsuaj nce. Thaum lub sijhawm kho DNA, qhov kev thov rau PARP1 nce, cov haujlwm ntawm SIRT raug txwv, NAD + noj nce ntxiv, thiab tus nqi ntawm NAD + ib txwm txo qis.
Peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm kwv yees li 37 trillion hlwb. Cells yuav tsum ua kom tiav ntau "ua haujlwm" lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cellular - txhawm rau tswj lawv tus kheej. Txhua ntawm koj 37 trillion hlwb tso siab rau NAD + ua nws txoj haujlwm tsis tu ncua.
Raws li lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem muaj hnub nyoog, cov kab mob kev laus xws li Alzheimer's disease, kab mob plawv, teeb meem sib koom ua ke, pw tsaug zog, thiab teeb meem plawv tau dhau los ua cov kab mob tseem ceeb uas ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.
NAD+ theem txo qis nrog lub hnub nyoog, raws li kev ntsuas los ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij kuaj:
Kev ntsuas ntsuas pom tau tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog nce, NAD + hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav maj mam txo. Yog li dab tsi ua rau txo qis hauv NAD +?
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm NAD + txo qis yog: kev laus thiab kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau NAD +, uas ua rau txo qis NAD + qib hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg, suav nrog lub siab, cov leeg pob txha, thiab lub hlwb. Raws li kev txo qis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress thiab o yog xav tias yuav ua rau muaj hnub nyoog txog kev noj qab haus huv, tsim lub voj voog vicious.
1. NAD + ua raws li coenzyme hauv mitochondria txhawm rau txhawb kev sib npaug ntawm cov metabolism, NAD + ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic xws li glycolysis, TCA cycle (aka Krebs cycle lossis citric acid cycle) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thauj khoom, yog li cov hlwb tau txais lub zog. Kev laus thiab kev noj zaub mov muaj calorie tsawg txo NAD + qib hauv lub cev.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias hauv cov nas laus, noj NAD + tshuaj txo qis kev noj haus- lossis hnub nyoog txog qhov hnyav nce thiab txhim kho kev tawm dag zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb tseem tau thim rov qab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntshav qab zib hauv poj niam nas, qhia cov tswv yim tshiab los tawm tsam cov kab mob metabolic xws li rog rog.
NAD + khi rau enzymes thiab hloov electrons ntawm molecules. Electrons yog lub hauv paus ntawm cellular zog. NAD + ua rau cov hlwb zoo li rov them lub roj teeb. Thaum siv cov electrons, lub roj teeb tuag. Hauv cov hlwb, NAD + tuaj yeem txhawb kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab muab lub zog rau cov hlwb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, NAD + tuaj yeem txo lossis nce kev ua haujlwm enzyme, txhawb kev qhia cov noob thiab kev qhia ntawm tes.
NAD + pab tswj DNA puas
Raws li cov kab mob muaj hnub nyoog, qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig xws li hluav taws xob, kev ua qias tuaj, thiab kev hloov pauv DNA tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau DNA puas. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xav ntawm kev laus. Yuav luag txhua lub hlwb muaj "molecular machinery" los kho qhov kev puas tsuaj no.
Qhov kev kho no yuav tsum muaj NAD + thiab lub zog, yog li kev puas tsuaj DNA ntau dhau siv cov khoom siv cellular zoo. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm PARP, qhov tseem ceeb DNA kho cov protein, kuj nyob ntawm NAD +. Kev laus ib txwm ua rau DNA puas tsuaj rau hauv lub cev, RARP nce, thiab yog li ntawd NAD + concentrations txo. Mitochondrial DNA puas ntawm txhua kauj ruam yuav ua rau qhov kev puas tsuaj loj.
2. NAD+ cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob neej ntev Sirtuins thiab inhibits kev laus.
Cov noob caj noob ces uas tau tshawb pom ntev ntev sirtuins, tseem hu ua "cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov noob," ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tes. Sirtuins yog ib tsev neeg ntawm cov enzymes koom nrog hauv cellular stress teb thiab kho puas. Lawv kuj koom nrog hauv kev tso cov tshuaj insulin, cov txheej txheem kev laus, thiab kev laus txog kev noj qab haus huv xws li cov kab mob neurodegenerative thiab ntshav qab zib.
NAD + yog cov roj uas pab sirtuins tswj genome kev ncaj ncees thiab txhawb nqa DNA kho. Ib yam li lub tsheb tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj roj, Sirtuins xav tau NAD + rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsiaj pom tau tias nce qib NAD + hauv lub cev ua kom cov proteins sirtuin thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov poov xab thiab nas.
3. Lub plawv ua haujlwm
Kev nce qib NAD + tiv thaiv lub plawv thiab txhim kho lub plawv ua haujlwm. Ntshav siab tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv loj thiab cov hlab ntsha txhaws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob stroke. Tom qab ntxiv NAD + qib hauv lub plawv los ntawm NAD + tshuaj ntxiv, kev puas tsuaj rau lub plawv los ntawm kev rov ua dua yog inhibited. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias NAD + cov tshuaj ntxiv kuj tiv thaiv cov nas los ntawm lub plawv tsis zoo.
4. Neurodegeneration
Hauv cov nas nrog Alzheimer's kab mob, nce NAD + qib txhim kho kev txawj ntse los ntawm kev txo qis cov proteins uas cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus hauv hlwb. Kev nce qib NAD + kuj tseem tiv thaiv cov hlwb hauv hlwb los ntawm kev tuag thaum tsis muaj ntshav txaus rau lub hlwb. NAD + zoo li muaj cov lus cog tseg tshiab hauv kev tiv thaiv neurodegeneration thiab txhim kho kev nco.
5. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Thaum peb muaj hnub nyoog, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob poob qis thiab peb raug mob ntau dua. Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tias NAD + qib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab o thiab cell ciaj sia taus thaum laus. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog cov peev xwm kho mob ntawm NAD + rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
6. Tswj cov metabolism
Tiv thaiv oxidative kev puas tsuaj
NAD + tuaj yeem pab ncua kev laus los ntawm inhibiting cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tswj lub cev redox homeostasis, tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tswj kev ua haujlwm metabolic.
7. Pab txhawb cov qog nqaij hlav
NAD + tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob leukopenia tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv xov tooj cua thiab tshuaj khomob, txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv PD-1 / PD-L1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus ntev, thiab txhim kho T cell activation thiab qog tua muaj peev xwm.
8. Txhim kho zes qe menyuam ua haujlwm
NAD + qib hauv poj niam zes qe menyuam txo qis raws li hnub nyoog. Kev nce NAD + cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeemtxhim kho zes qe menyuam mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi,txo cov pa oxygen reactive hom hauv cov laus oocytes, thiab ncua kev laus ntawm zes qe menyuam.
9. Txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo
NAD + tuaj yeem txhim kho circadian atherosclerosis tsis txaus, txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo, thiab txhawb kev pw tsaug zog los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub moos lom neeg.
Ntau yam kabmob ntawm lub cev tsis muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev sib txuas thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv yog ze dua li peb xav. Cov tshuaj secreted los ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes tuaj yeem thauj mus rau txhua qhov chaw hauv lub cev tam sim ntawd; cov ntaub ntawv neurotransmitter kis tau sai npaum li xob laim. Peb cov tawv nqaij, raws li qhov thaiv ntawm tag nrho lub cev, yog cov kab hauv ntej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab muaj kev raug mob ntau dua. Thaum cov kev raug mob no kho tsis tau, ntau yam teeb meem xws li kev laus yuav ua raws.
Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cellular thiab molecular qib, uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov kabmob los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev.
Piv txwv li, qhov zaus ntawm p16-zoo hlwb (ib qho cim ntawm kev laus) hauv daim tawv nqaij muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo nrog cov cim kev laus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas txhais tau hais tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem kwv yees kev laus ntawm lub cev mus rau qee yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias daim tawv nqaij microbiota tuaj yeem kwv yees lub hnub nyoog raws sijhawm, ntxiv kev lees paub kev sib raug zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kev laus.
Cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm tias cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm ntau yam kabmob hauv lub cev yog asynchronous, thiab daim tawv nqaij yuav yog thawj lub cev los qhia txog kev laus. Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev, tib neeg muaj laj thawj ua siab tawv xav tias kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ua rau kev laus ntawm tag nrho lub cev.
Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb los ntawm cov kab mob endocrine
Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub cev los ntawm hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Cov tawv nqaij tsis yog ib qho teeb meem xwb, nws kuj muaj cov haujlwm neuroendocrine thiab tuaj yeem teb rau ib puag ncig stimuli thiab tso cov tshuaj hormones, neuropeptides thiab lwm yam khoom.
Piv txwv li, ultraviolet irradiation tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tso tawm ntau yam tshuaj hormones thiab inflammatory mediators, xws li cortisol thiab cytokines. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem qhib HPA system hauv daim tawv nqaij. Kev ua kom lub HPA axis ua rau lub hypothalamus tso tawm corticotropin-tso hormone (CRH). Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem nkoos lub anterior pituitary caj pas kom secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), uas thaum kawg ua rau cov qog adrenal kom zais cov tshuaj hormones kev nyuaj siab xws li cortisol. Cortisol tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb, suav nrog hippocampus. Kev raug cortisol ntev los yog ntau dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm neuronal thiab plasticity hauv hippocampus. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm hippocampus thiab lub hlwb cov lus teb kev ntxhov siab.
Kev sib txuas lus ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau lub hlwb no ua pov thawj tias cov txheej txheem kev laus tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig, uas ua ntej ua rau cov tawv nqaij tshwm sim thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb los ntawm HPA axis, ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv lub cev xws li kev txawj ntse poob thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv.
Cov tawv nqaij senescent hlwb secrete SASP thiab induce o los tsav lub hnub nyoog txog kev laus thiab kab mob
Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub cev los ntawm kev txhawb kev mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij zais ib yam khoom hu ua "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), uas suav nrog ntau yam cytokines thiab matrix metalloproteinases. SASP yog physiologically ntau yam. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov teeb meem sab nraud hauv cov hlwb ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub cev ua haujlwm poob qis, qhov zais cia loj ntawm SASP tuaj yeem ua rau mob hauv lub cev thiab ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hlwb nyob sib ze, suav nrog cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov hlwb endothelial. Lub xeev qis qis no tau xav tias yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog.
Coenzymes koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li qab zib, rog, thiab cov protein hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev cov khoom thiab lub zog metabolism thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.NAD yog coenzyme tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev, tseem hu ua coenzyme I. Nws koom nrog ntau txhiab tus redox enzymatic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov metabolism hauv txhua lub cell. Nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog:
1. Txhawb kev tsim khoom ntawm bioenergy
NAD + tsim ATP los ntawm kev ua pa ntawm tes, ncaj qha ntxiv lub zog ntawm tes thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes;
2. Kho cov noob
NAD + yog tib lub substrate rau DNA kho enzyme PARP. Hom enzyme no koom nrog hauv kev kho DNA, pab kho DNA puas thiab hlwb, txo txoj kev hloov ntawm tes, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qog noj ntshav;
3. Ua kom tag nrho cov proteins uas nyob ntev
NAD + tuaj yeem qhib tau tag nrho 7 cov proteins uas muaj sia nyob ntev, yog li NAD + muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb dua rau kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev ua neej ntev;
4. Txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
NAD + ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes los ntawm kev xaiv cuam tshuam rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj T hlwb.
Qhov tseem ceeb, kev laus yog nrog los ntawm kev poob qis hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cellular NAD + qib hauv ntau hom kab mob, nrog rau cov nas thiab tib neeg. Kev txo qis NAD + qib yog cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev laus, suav nrog kev paub tsis meej, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob metabolic, sarcopenia, thiab frailty.
Tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm NAD + hauv peb lub cev. Cov ntsiab lus thiab kev ua ntawm NAD + hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav txo qis nrog lub hnub nyoog, thiab nws yuav txo qis sai tom qab hnub nyoog 30 xyoo, ua rau kev laus ntawm tes, apoptosis thiab tsis muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab. .
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txo qis ntawm NAD + tseem yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, yog li yog tias NAD + tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau raws sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem xav txog.
Ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom noj
Cov zaub mov xws li zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, avocado, steak, nceb, thiab edamame muaj NAD + precursors, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua haujlwm NAD * hauv lub cev tom qab nqus tau.
Txwv kev noj zaub mov thiab calories
Kev txwv tsis pub muaj caloric tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog-sensing txoj hauv kev hauv hlwb thiab ua rau tsis ncaj nce NAD * qib.Tab sis nco ntsoov tias koj noj cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau raws li koj lub cev xav tau kev noj haus.
Txuas ntxiv mus thiab ua haujlwm
Kev tawm dag zog aerobic xws li khiav thiab ua luam dej tuaj yeem ua rau nce qib hauv cellular NAD +, pab txhawb cov pa oxygen hauv lub cev thiab txhim kho cov metabolism hauv lub zog.
Ua raws li kev pw tsaug zog zoo
Thaum pw tsaug zog, tib neeg lub cev ua ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv metabolic thiab kho cov txheej txheem, suav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm NAD * .Kev pw tsaug zog txaus pab tswj cov qib ntawm NAD *
05 Ntxiv NAD + cov khoom ua ntej
Cov neeg hauv qab no tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob
Cov neeg uas muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, cov uas tab tom lim ntshav, cov neeg mob qaug dab peg, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov menyuam yaus, cov uas tam sim no tab tom kho mob qog noj ntshav, cov tshuaj noj, thiab cov uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev ua xua, thov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.
Q: NAD + tshuaj ntxiv siv rau dab tsi?
A: NAD + ntxiv yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv uas ntxiv coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD + ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub zog metabolism thiab kho cov cell hauv cov hlwb.
Q: Puas yog NAD + tshuaj ntxiv ua haujlwm tiag tiag?
A: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias NAD + cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cellular zog metabolism thiab qeeb cov txheej txheem kev laus.
Q: Dab tsi yog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm NAD +?
A: Cov khoom noj ntawm NAD + suav nrog nqaij, ntses, khoom noj siv mis, taum, txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Cov zaub mov no muaj ntau dua niacinamide thiab niacin, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau NAD + hauv lub cev.
Q: Kuv yuav xaiv NAD + ntxiv li cas?
A: Thaum xaiv NAD + tshuaj ntxiv, nws raug nquahu kom xub nrhiav tswv yim los ntawm kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob kom nkag siab txog koj cov kev xav tau kev noj haus thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, xaiv lub npe nrov npe, tshawb xyuas cov khoom xyaw thiab ntau npaum li cas, thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom ntxig.
Kev lees paub: Kab lus no yog rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav nkaus xwb thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob raug txhais raws li cov lus qhia kho mob. Qee cov ntaub ntawv blog tshaj tawm los ntawm Is Taws Nem thiab tsis yog kev tshaj lij. Lub vev xaib no tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txheeb xyuas, formatting thiab kho cov ntawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv tsis txhais tau hais tias koj pom zoo nrog nws cov kev xav lossis lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus. Nco ntsoov sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob ua ntej siv cov tshuaj ntxiv lossis hloov pauv koj txoj kev kho mob.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-06-2024
